Assessment of groundwater leakage source using hydrochemical data and isotopes in the Pandanduri dam tunnel, Lombok Island, Indonesia

<p>Leakage or seepage in reservoirs and dams has the potential for structural instabilities persuaded by water leakage pathways linked to economic consequences. An environmental isotopic hydrochemical research was conducted determine source origin of seepages on tunnel Pandanduri dam, Lombok Island, Indonesia. This study aimed examine leak dam site at point based chemistry data stable isotopes. To identify 33 samples water, groundwater, reservoir river rainfall were taken chemical composition analysis. The field measured level, spring discharges, physicochemical parameters (EC, pH, TDS, TSS). show that leakages is similar water. types belong alkaline predominantly sulfate-chloride. type deep groundwater with a higher sulfate chloride concentration than surface shallow groundwater. Hydrochemical isotope analysis showed points dominated groundwater.</p>